[fvc-wat-disc] meeting next Wed. Nov. 25; 7:00 pm

[Peter Croves]

Other systems---besides the  three in the other email and Russia, there and
with Russia we have  9 nations in all are these  5 nations

The remaining five countries (Andorra, Italy, Lithuania, the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine) combine a number of voting
systems – mainly First Past the Post and List PR. These tend to be less
proportional as the distribution of the List PR seats doesn’t take the
first past the post seats into account.

In Italy, for example, 37% of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies (the
Italian House of Commons) are allocated with First Past the Post, while 63%
are chosen through List PR.

On Sun, Nov 22, 2020 at 9:46 AM Peter Croves <petercroves at gmail.com> wrote:

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> On Sun, Nov 22, 2020 at 9:45 AM Peter Croves <petercroves at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>>
>>    - Who We Are <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/who-we-are/>
>>    - Voting Systems <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/>
>>
>>    - Campaigns <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/campaigns/>
>>    - Take Action <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/take-action/>
>>    - Join the Movement
>>    <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/join-the-movement/>
>>    - Latest News and Research
>>    <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/latest-news-and-research/>
>>    - Shop <https://shop.electoral-reform.org.uk/>
>>
>> Home <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/> > Latest News and Research
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/latest-news-and-research/> > News
>> and Comment
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/latest-news-and-research/blog/> > Which
>> European countries use proportional representation?
>> Which European countries use proportional representation?[image: Which
>> countries in Europe use PR_]
>> [image: Michela Palese]
>> *Author:*
>> Michela Palese
>>
>> Posted on the 26th December 2018----Hi from peter  croves--I came across
>> this and I thought it to be a good read.,only Belarus, UK, France, still
>> have a  non PR voting system
>>
>>    *Campaign: *
>>    - Electoral Reform
>>    <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/category/electoral-reform/>
>>
>>
>>    -  Share
>>    <https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/which-european-countries-use-proportional-representation/>
>>
>>    -  Tweet
>>    <https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/which-european-countries-use-proportional-representation/&text=Which%20European%20countries%20use%20proportional%20representation?&via=electoralreform>
>>
>>    -  Share
>>    <https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/which-european-countries-use-proportional-representation/&title=Which%20European%20countries%20use%20proportional%20representation?&source=Electoral%20Reform%20Society>
>>
>>    -  Email
>>    <?subject=Which%20European%20countries%20use%20proportional%20representation?&body=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/which-european-countries-use-proportional-representation/>
>>
>> Of the 43 countries most often considered to be within Europe, 40 use
>> some form of proportional representation
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/what-are-voting-systems/proportional-representation/> to
>> elect their MPs.
>>
>> The UK stands almost alone in Europe in using a ‘one-person-takes-all’
>> disproportionate voting system. If we exclude the authoritarian state of
>> Belarus – “Europe’s only remaining outpost of tyranny”
>> <https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17941131> – France is the only
>> other European country to use a ‘one-person-takes-all’ system (the Two-Round
>> System
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/two-round-system/>
>> ).
>> *Proportional voting systems used for national elections in Europe*
>> *Type of PR or Mixed Voting System**Countries in which it is used*
>> Party List Proportional Representation
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/party-list-pr/> *31
>> – *Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
>> Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Latvia,
>> Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
>> Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia,
>> Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland
>> Single Transferable Vote
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/single-transferable-vote/>
>> *2*
>>
>> Ireland and Malta
>> Mixed Member Proportional Representation
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/additional-member-system/> (MMP;
>> also known as Additional Member System) *2 – *Germany and Hungary
>> Parallel voting/Mixed system *5 – *Andorra, Italy, Lithuania, the former
>> Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine
>>
>> *Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union, *Pauline* Database, https://data.ipu.org/
>> <https://data.ipu.org/>*
>> *What type of proportional system do European countries use?*Party List
>> PR
>>
>> Party List proportional representation
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/party-list-pr/> is
>> the most widely used form of PR in Europe – 31 countries use it to elect
>> their MPs.
>>
>> In Party List systems, constituencies are bigger than under First Past
>> the Post, and voters elect a group of MPs, rather than a single person. In
>> this system, voters get MPs roughly in proportion to how many people voted
>> for each party.
>>
>> Party List systems differ in the extent to which citizens can choose
>> which individuals get elected. In ‘closed’ list systems, parties decide who
>> their candidates are and voters can only mark their support for a party
>> (some point out that first past the post is a closed party list of one
>> <https://youtu.be/0fdK8jkYP98>
>> <http://savefrom.net/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2F0fdK8jkYP98&utm_source=userjs-chrome&utm_medium=extensions&utm_campaign=link_modifier>)
>> Parties decide which candidates fill the seats they have won in the
>> election.
>>
>> In ‘open’ list systems, each party presents a list of candidates, and
>> citizens can choose which candidate to vote for (or – in some systems –
>> they can choose to vote just for the party if they want). A vote for a
>> candidate is counted as a vote for that candidate’s party.
>>
>> Semi-open list systems are a mix of the above: voters have more choice in
>> who they can vote for, but – generally – parties can decide the order in
>> which candidates are elected.
>> Single Transferable Vote
>>
>> Ireland and Malta use the Single Transferable Vote
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/single-transferable-vote/> (STV)
>> to elect their representatives.
>>
>> As with Party Lists, voters elect a small group of representatives in
>> bigger areas, like a small city or county, as opposed to a single MP in
>> small constituencies as we do in Westminster.
>>
>> STV gives voters maximum choice on who to vote for. Each elector has one
>> vote. Voters number candidates in order of preference, with a number 1 for
>> their favorite – they can rank all candidates or just vote for their
>> preferred candidate.
>>
>> To get elected, a candidate needs to reach a set amount of votes. This
>> quota based on the number of seats to be filled and the number of votes
>> cast (read our explanation
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/single-transferable-vote/> to
>> find out more about how votes are counted).
>>
>> If your favorite candidate already has enough votes to win or stands no
>> chance of winning, your vote is transferred to your next choice based on
>> how you ranked candidates.
>>
>> Under STV, voters can choose between candidates from the same or
>> different parties, which incentivizes parties to stand candidates who
>> reflect the diversity of society. Electors can also vote for independent
>> candidates, without worrying about ‘wasting’ their vote.
>> Under STV, voters can choose between candidates from the same or
>> different parties, or vote for independent candidates without worrying
>> about ‘wasting’ their vote.
>> <https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electoral-reform.org.uk%2Fwhich-european-countries-use-proportional-representation%2F&text=Under%20STV%2C%20voters%20can%20choose%20between%20candidates%20from%20the%20same%20or%20different%20parties%2C%20or%20vote%20for%20independent%20candidates%20without%20worrying%20about%20%E2%80%98wasting%E2%80%99%20their%20vote.&via=electoralreform&related=electoralreform>Click
>> To Tweet
>> <https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electoral-reform.org.uk%2Fwhich-european-countries-use-proportional-representation%2F&text=Under%20STV%2C%20voters%20can%20choose%20between%20candidates%20from%20the%20same%20or%20different%20parties%2C%20or%20vote%20for%20independent%20candidates%20without%20worrying%20about%20%E2%80%98wasting%E2%80%99%20their%20vote.&via=electoralreform&related=electoralreform>Mixed
>> Member Proportional Representation
>>
>> Of the seven countries that use a mixed system, two – Germany and Hungary
>> – elect their representatives with Mixed Member Proportional
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/additional-member-system/> Representation
>> (MMP), which is also known as the Additional Member System (AMS) in the UK.
>>
>> MMP is a mix of Westminster’s First Past the Post system and Party List
>> PR – the goal is to provide a proportional parliament but also keep a
>> single local MP. Both the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/campaigns/welsh-assembly/> use this
>> system.
>>
>> Voters have two ballot papers. On the first is a list of candidates who
>> want to be the local MP. Like a Westminster election, the voter marks their
>> preferred candidate with a cross and the candidate with the most votes wins
>> and gets a seat, even if most people didn’t vote for them.
>>
>> On the second ballot paper is a list of parties who want seats in
>> parliament. Each party publishes a list of candidates for these elections,
>> a vote for a party is a vote to make more of their list of candidates into
>> MPs. Seats are allocated in proportion to the votes a party received in the
>> election, also taking into account how many ‘first vote’ seats they
>> obtained. Recent reforms in Hungary
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/just-how-popular-is-hungarys-fidesz/> have
>> made their system considerably less proportional though, while there are
>> calls to increase the number of ‘list’ seats in Wales
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/latest-news-and-research/publications/reshaping-the-senedd/> to
>> make the results fairer and more proportional.
>> Other systems
>>
>> The remaining five countries (Andorra, Italy, Lithuania, the former
>> Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine) combine a number of voting
>> systems – mainly First Past the Post and List PR. These tend to be less
>> proportional as the distribution of the List PR seats doesn’t take the
>> first past the post seats into account.
>>
>> In Italy, for example, 37% of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies (the
>> Italian House of Commons) are allocated with First Past the Post, while 63%
>> are chosen through List PR.
>> Conclusion
>>
>> The UK is unique among European countries in terms of its electoral
>> system – and not in a good way. It’s the only country with a parliamentary
>> system that uses the outdated, one-person-takes-all First Past the Post
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/first-past-the-post/>
>>  system.
>>
>> While the List PR systems commonly used in Europe can create parliaments
>> that closely reflect the opinions of their countries, there is often a
>> weaker constituency link. Plus, closed list systems generally limit voter
>> choice.
>>
>> This is why the ERS favors the Single Transferable Vote
>> <https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/single-transferable-vote/>:
>> this system enhances voter choice and guarantees a strong link between MPs
>> and voters, while also distributing seats in parliament in a way that is
>> fair and reflects how people voted. Rather than throwing votes on the
>> electoral scrapheap as ‘wasted’, STV helps ensure every vote counts and
>> people’s voices are heard.
>>
>> It’s time that we caught up with the rest of the world and changed the
>> way we elect our parliament so it finally reflects public opinion.
>>
>> On Sun, Nov 22, 2020 at 2:28 AM Peter KH via fvc-wat-disc <
>> fvc-wat-disc at listserv.thinkers.org> wrote:
>>
>>> Last meeting I promised links to articles about municipal power. Here
>>> are some links I found:
>>> 1)
>>> https://www.toronto.ca/ext/digital_comm/inquiry/inquiry_site/cd/gg/add_pdf/77/Governance/Electronic_Documents/Other_CDN_Jurisdictions/Powers_of_Canadian_Cities.pdf
>>> 2)
>>> http://spacing.ca/toronto/2019/06/21/lorinc-the-myth-of-the-city-charter/
>>> 3)
>>> http://spacing.ca/toronto/2019/12/19/in-defense-of-toronto-becoming-a-charter-city/
>>>
>>> Article (1) is the most interesting. According to
>>> https://www.ontario.ca/document/ontario-municipal-councillors-guide-2018/7-councillors-lawmakers#:~:text=Natural%20person%20powers%20give%20municipalities,for%20more%20specific%20legislative%20authority.
>>> Ontario cities have "natural person powers" but Toronto is still not a
>>> charter city.
>>> I haven't yet read the article but this article sounds interesting
>>> https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4124&context=lcp
>>>
>>> FairVote - unrelated public service announcement:
>>> The region is having a Q&A session about the transit hub on Dec 3rd
>>>
>>> https://www.engagewr.ca/king-victoria-transit-hub/news_feed/fall-2020-public-input I
>>> plan on attending.
>>>
>>> Looking forward to the meeting on Wednesday,
>>> - Peter KH
>>>
>>>
>>> Sent with ProtonMail <https://protonmail.com> Secure Email.
>>>
>>> ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
>>> On Saturday, November 21, 2020 12:48 PM, Cathy Scott <
>>> cathy.scottfree at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi, All
>>>
>>> Here is the Zoom link for our meeting next Wednesday.
>>> Agenda to follow.
>>> Cathy
>>>
>>> Topic: Waterloo Region FV chapter discussion group
>>> Time: Nov 25, 2020 07:00 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada)
>>>
>>> Join Zoom Meeting
>>>
>>> https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81886064679?pwd=cnV6R1A2elJLc29uVlpOZzU0WlQ5UT09
>>>
>>> Meeting ID: 818 8606 4679
>>> Passcode: 688325
>>> One tap mobile
>>> +13462487799,,81886064679#,,,,,,0#,,688325# US (Houston)
>>> +16468769923,,81886064679#,,,,,,0#,,688325# US (New York)
>>>
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>>> Find your local number: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/klW0t0deO
>>>
>>>
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>>
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